Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Menu
Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Infringir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to infringe, transgress”.
Below are all of the conjugations for infringir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to infringe, transgress |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | infringir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está infringiendo) and past continuous (estaba infringiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. infringing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he infringido and hubiera infringido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have infringed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | infringiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | infringido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I infringe” or “they infringe”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | infrinjo |
| Tú | infringes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infringe |
| Nosotros / as | infringimos |
| Vosotros / as | infringís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infringen |
| Vos | infringís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I infringed” or “she infringed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infringí | I infringed |
| Tú | infringiste | You infringed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infringió | He / she / you infringed |
| Nosotros / as | infringimos | We infringed |
| Vosotros / as | infringisteis | You infringed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infringieron | They / you infringed |
| Vos | infringiste | You infringed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was infringing” or “she was infringing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infringía | I was infringing |
| Tú | infringías | You were infringing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infringía | He was / she was / you were infringing |
| Nosotros / as | infringíamos | We were infringing |
| Vosotros / as | infringíais | You were infringing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infringían | They / you were infringing |
| Vos | infringías | You were infringing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have infringed” and “she has infringed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he infringido | I have infringed |
| Tú | has infringido | You have infringed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha infringido | He has / she has / you have infringed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos infringido | We have infringed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis infringido | You have infringed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han infringido | They / you have infringed |
| Vos | has infringido | You have infringed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would infringe” or “she would infringe”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infringiría | I would infringe |
| Tú | infringirías | You would infringe |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infringiría | He / she / you would infringe |
| Nosotros / as | infringiríamos | We would infringe |
| Vosotros / as | infringiríais | You would infringe |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infringirían | They / you would infringe |
| Vos | infringirías | You would infringe |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will infringe” or “they will infringe”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a infringir” means “They are going to infringe”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infringiré | I will infringe |
| Tú | infringirás | You will infringe |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infringirá | He / she / you will infringe |
| Nosotros / as | infringiremos | We will infringe |
| Vosotros / as | infringiréis | You will infringe |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infringirán | They / you will infringe |
| Vos | infringirás | You will infringe |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | infrinja |
| Tú | infrinjas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infrinja |
| Nosotros / as | infrinjamos |
| Vosotros / as | infrinjáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infrinjan |
| Vos | infrinjas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | infringiera | infringiese |
| Tú | infringieras | infringiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infringiera | infringiese |
| Nosotros / as | infringiéramos | infringiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | infringierais | infringieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infringieran | infringiesen |
| Vos | infringieras | infringiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | infringiere |
| Tú | infringieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infringiera |
| Nosotros / as | infringiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | infringiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infringieren |
| Vos | infringieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “infringe!” and “don’t infringe!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | infringe | no infrinjas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | infrinja | no infrinja |
| Nosotros / as | infrinjamos | no infrinjamos |
| Vosotros / as | infringid | no infrinjáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | infrinjan | no infrinjan |
| Vos | infringí | no infrinjas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya infringido |
| Tú | hayas infringido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya infringido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos infringido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis infringido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan infringido |
| Vos | hayas infringido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera infringido / hubiese infringido |
| Tú | hubieras infringido / hubieses infringido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera infringido / hubiese infringido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos infringido / hubiésemos infringido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais infringido / hubieseis infringido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran infringido / hubiesen infringido |
| Vos | hubieras infringido / hubieses infringido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere infringido |
| Tú | hubieres infringido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere infringido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos infringido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis infringido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren infringido |
| Vos | hubieres infringido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté infringiendo |
| Tú | estés infringiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté infringiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos infringiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis infringiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén infringiendo |
| Vos | estés infringiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera infringiendo / estuviese infringiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras infringiendo / estuvieses infringiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera infringiendo / estuviese infringiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos infringiendo / estuviésamos infringiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais infringiendo / estuvieseis infringiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera infringiendo / estuviese infringiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras infringiendo / estuvieses infringiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere infringiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres infringiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere infringiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos infringiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis infringiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere infringiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres infringiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos infringís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos infringiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos infringías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos infringirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos infringirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos infrinjas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos infringieras / Vos infringiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos infringí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no infrinjas |