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Everything you need to improve your Spanish
Fruncir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to wrinkle, pucker”.
Below are all of the conjugations for fruncir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to wrinkle, pucker |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | fruncir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está frunciendo) and past continuous (estaba frunciendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. wrinkled).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he wrinkled and hubiera wrinkled. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have wrinkling).
| Gerundio / Gerund | frunciendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | wrinkled |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I wrinkle” or “they wrinkle”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | frunzo |
| Tú | frunces |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frunce |
| Nosotros / as | fruncimos |
| Vosotros / as | fruncís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fruncen |
| Vos | fruncís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I wrinkle” or “she wrinkle” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | fruncí | I wrinkle |
| Tú | frunciste | You wrinkle |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frunció | He / she / you wrinkle |
| Nosotros / as | fruncimos | We wrinkle |
| Vosotros / as | fruncisteis | You wrinkle |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fruncieron | They / you wrinkle |
| Vos | frunciste | You wrinkle |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was wrinkled” or “she was wrinkled” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | fruncía | I was wrinkled |
| Tú | fruncías | You were wrinkled |
| Él / Ella / Usted | fruncía | He was / she was / you were wrinkled |
| Nosotros / as | fruncíamos | We were wrinkled |
| Vosotros / as | fruncíais | You were wrinkled |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fruncían | They / you were wrinkled |
| Vos | fruncías | You were wrinkled |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have wrinkling” and “she has wrinkling”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he wrinkled | I have wrinkling |
| Tú | has wrinkled | You have wrinkling |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha wrinkled | He has / she has / you have wrinkling |
| Nosotros / as | hemos wrinkled | We have wrinkling |
| Vosotros / as | habéis wrinkled | You have wrinkling |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han wrinkled | They / you have wrinkling |
| Vos | has wrinkled | You have wrinkling |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would wrinkle” or “she would wrinkle”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | frunciría | I would wrinkle |
| Tú | fruncirías | You would wrinkle |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frunciría | He / she / you would wrinkle |
| Nosotros / as | frunciríamos | We would wrinkle |
| Vosotros / as | frunciríais | You would wrinkle |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fruncirían | They / you would wrinkle |
| Vos | fruncirías | You would wrinkle |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will wrinkle” or “they will wrinkle”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a fruncir” means “They are going to wrinkle”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | frunciré | I will wrinkle |
| Tú | fruncirás | You will wrinkle |
| Él / Ella / Usted | fruncirá | He / she / you will wrinkle |
| Nosotros / as | frunciremos | We will wrinkle |
| Vosotros / as | frunciréis | You will wrinkle |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fruncirán | They / you will wrinkle |
| Vos | fruncirás | You will wrinkle |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | frunza |
| Tú | frunzas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frunza |
| Nosotros / as | frunzamos |
| Vosotros / as | frunzáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | frunzan |
| Vos | frunzas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | frunciera | frunciese |
| Tú | fruncieras | frunciese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frunciera | frunciese |
| Nosotros / as | frunciéramos | frunciésemos |
| Vosotros / as | fruncierais | fruncieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fruncieran | frunciesen |
| Vos | fruncieras | frunciese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | frunciere |
| Tú | fruncieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frunciera |
| Nosotros / as | frunciéremos |
| Vosotros / as | frunciereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | fruncieren |
| Vos | fruncieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “wrinkle!” and “don’t wrinkle!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | frunce | no frunzas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | frunza | no frunza |
| Nosotros / as | frunzamos | no frunzamos |
| Vosotros / as | fruncid | no frunzáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | frunzan | no frunzan |
| Vos | fruncí | no frunzas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya wrinkled |
| Tú | hayas wrinkled |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya wrinkled |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos wrinkled |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis wrinkled |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan wrinkled |
| Vos | hayas wrinkled |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera wrinkled / hubiese wrinkled |
| Tú | hubieras wrinkled / hubieses wrinkled |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera wrinkled / hubiese wrinkled |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos wrinkled / hubiésemos wrinkled |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais wrinkled / hubieseis wrinkled |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran wrinkled / hubiesen wrinkled |
| Vos | hubieras wrinkled / hubieses wrinkled |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere wrinkled |
| Tú | hubieres wrinkled |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere wrinkled |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos wrinkled |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis wrinkled |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren wrinkled |
| Vos | hubieres wrinkled |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté frunciendo |
| Tú | estés frunciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté frunciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos frunciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis frunciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén frunciendo |
| Vos | estés frunciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera frunciendo / estuviese frunciendo |
| Tú | estuvieras frunciendo / estuvieses frunciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera frunciendo / estuviese frunciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos frunciendo / estuviésamos frunciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais frunciendo / estuvieseis frunciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera frunciendo / estuviese frunciendo |
| Vos | estuvieras frunciendo / estuvieses frunciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere frunciendo |
| Tú | estuvieres frunciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere frunciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos frunciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis frunciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere frunciendo |
| Vos | estuvieres frunciendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos fruncís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos frunciste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos fruncías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos fruncirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos fruncirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos frunzas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos fruncieras / Vos frunciese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos fruncí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no frunzas |