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Extraer is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to extract, take out”.
Below are all of the conjugations for extraer in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to extract, take out |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | extraer |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está extrayendo) and past continuous (estaba extrayendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. extracting).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he extraído and hubiera extraído. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have extracted).
| Gerundio / Gerund | extrayendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | extraído |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I extract” or “they extract”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extraigo |
| Tú | extraes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extrae |
| Nosotros / as | extraemos |
| Vosotros / as | extraéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extraen |
| Vos | extraés |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I extracted” or “she extracted” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extraje | I extracted |
| Tú | extrajiste | You extracted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extrajo | He / she / you extracted |
| Nosotros / as | extrajimos | We extracted |
| Vosotros / as | extrajisteis | You extracted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extrajeron | They / you extracted |
| Vos | extrajiste | You extracted |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was extracting” or “she was extracting” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extraía | I was extracting |
| Tú | extraías | You were extracting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extraía | He was / she was / you were extracting |
| Nosotros / as | extraíamos | We were extracting |
| Vosotros / as | extraíais | You were extracting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extraían | They / you were extracting |
| Vos | extraías | You were extracting |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have extracted” and “she has extracted”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he extraído | I have extracted |
| Tú | has extraído | You have extracted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha extraído | He has / she has / you have extracted |
| Nosotros / as | hemos extraído | We have extracted |
| Vosotros / as | habéis extraído | You have extracted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han extraído | They / you have extracted |
| Vos | has extraído | You have extracted |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would extract” or “she would extract”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extraería | I would extract |
| Tú | extraerías | You would extract |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extraería | He / she / you would extract |
| Nosotros / as | extraeríamos | We would extract |
| Vosotros / as | extraeríais | You would extract |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extraerían | They / you would extract |
| Vos | extraerías | You would extract |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will extract” or “they will extract”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a extraer” means “They are going to extract”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extraeré | I will extract |
| Tú | extraerás | You will extract |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extraerá | He / she / you will extract |
| Nosotros / as | extraeremos | We will extract |
| Vosotros / as | extraeréis | You will extract |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extraerán | They / you will extract |
| Vos | extraerás | You will extract |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extraiga |
| Tú | extraigas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extraiga |
| Nosotros / as | extraigamos |
| Vosotros / as | extraigáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extraigan |
| Vos | extraigas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | extrajera | extrajese |
| Tú | extrajeras | extrajese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extrajera | extrajese |
| Nosotros / as | extrajéramos | extrajésemos |
| Vosotros / as | extrajerais | extrajeseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extrajeran | extrajesen |
| Vos | extrajeras | extrajese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | extrajere |
| Tú | extrajeres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extrajere |
| Nosotros / as | extrajéremos |
| Vosotros / as | extrajereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extrajeren |
| Vos | extrajeres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “extract!” and “don’t extract!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | extrae | no extraigas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | extraiga | no extraiga |
| Nosotros / as | extraigamos | no extraigamos |
| Vosotros / as | extraed | no extraigáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | extraigan | no extraigan |
| Vos | extraé | no extraigas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya extraído |
| Tú | hayas extraído |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya extraído |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos extraído |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis extraído |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan extraído |
| Vos | hayas extraído |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera extraído / hubiese extraído |
| Tú | hubieras extraído / hubieses extraído |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera extraído / hubiese extraído |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos extraído / hubiésemos extraído |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais extraído / hubieseis extraído |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran extraído / hubiesen extraído |
| Vos | hubieras extraído / hubieses extraído |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere extraído |
| Tú | hubieres extraído |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere extraído |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos extraído |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis extraído |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren extraído |
| Vos | hubieres extraído |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté extrayendo |
| Tú | estés extrayendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté extrayendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos extrayendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis extrayendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén extrayendo |
| Vos | estés extrayendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera extrayendo / estuviese extrayendo |
| Tú | estuvieras extrayendo / estuvieses extrayendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera extrayendo / estuviese extrayendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos extrayendo / estuviésamos extrayendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais extrayendo / estuvieseis extrayendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera extrayendo / estuviese extrayendo |
| Vos | estuvieras extrayendo / estuvieses extrayendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere extrayendo |
| Tú | estuvieres extrayendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere extrayendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos extrayendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis extrayendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere extrayendo |
| Vos | estuvieres extrayendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos extraés |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos extrajiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos extraías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos extraerías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos extraerás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos extraigas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos extrajeras / Vos extrajese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos extraé |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no extraigas |