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Eximir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to exempt, free”.
Below are all of the conjugations for eximir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to exempt, free |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | eximir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está eximiendo) and past continuous (estaba eximiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. exempting).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he eximido and hubiera eximido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have exempted).
| Gerundio / Gerund | eximiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | eximido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I exempt” or “they exempt”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | eximo |
| Tú | eximes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | exime |
| Nosotros / as | eximimos |
| Vosotros / as | eximís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | eximen |
| Vos | eximís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I exempted” or “she exempted” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | eximí | I exempted |
| Tú | eximiste | You exempted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | eximió | He / she / you exempted |
| Nosotros / as | eximimos | We exempted |
| Vosotros / as | eximisteis | You exempted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | eximieron | They / you exempted |
| Vos | eximiste | You exempted |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was exempting” or “she was exempting” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | eximía | I was exempting |
| Tú | eximías | You were exempting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | eximía | He was / she was / you were exempting |
| Nosotros / as | eximíamos | We were exempting |
| Vosotros / as | eximíais | You were exempting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | eximían | They / you were exempting |
| Vos | eximías | You were exempting |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have exempted” and “she has exempted”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he eximido | I have exempted |
| Tú | has eximido | You have exempted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha eximido | He has / she has / you have exempted |
| Nosotros / as | hemos eximido | We have exempted |
| Vosotros / as | habéis eximido | You have exempted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han eximido | They / you have exempted |
| Vos | has eximido | You have exempted |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would exempt” or “she would exempt”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | eximiría | I would exempt |
| Tú | eximirías | You would exempt |
| Él / Ella / Usted | eximiría | He / she / you would exempt |
| Nosotros / as | eximiríamos | We would exempt |
| Vosotros / as | eximiríais | You would exempt |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | eximirían | They / you would exempt |
| Vos | eximirías | You would exempt |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will exempt” or “they will exempt”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a eximir” means “They are going to exempt”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | eximiré | I will exempt |
| Tú | eximirás | You will exempt |
| Él / Ella / Usted | eximirá | He / she / you will exempt |
| Nosotros / as | eximiremos | We will exempt |
| Vosotros / as | eximiréis | You will exempt |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | eximirán | They / you will exempt |
| Vos | eximirás | You will exempt |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | exima |
| Tú | eximas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | exima |
| Nosotros / as | eximamos |
| Vosotros / as | eximáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | eximan |
| Vos | eximas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | eximiera | eximiese |
| Tú | eximieras | eximiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | eximiera | eximiese |
| Nosotros / as | eximiéramos | eximiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | eximierais | eximieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | eximieran | eximiesen |
| Vos | eximieras | eximiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | eximiere |
| Tú | eximieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | eximiera |
| Nosotros / as | eximiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | eximiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | eximieren |
| Vos | eximieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “exempt!” and “don’t exempt!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | exime | no eximas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | exima | no exima |
| Nosotros / as | eximamos | no eximamos |
| Vosotros / as | eximid | no eximáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | eximan | no eximan |
| Vos | eximí | no eximas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya eximido |
| Tú | hayas eximido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya eximido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos eximido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis eximido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan eximido |
| Vos | hayas eximido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera eximido / hubiese eximido |
| Tú | hubieras eximido / hubieses eximido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera eximido / hubiese eximido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos eximido / hubiésemos eximido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais eximido / hubieseis eximido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran eximido / hubiesen eximido |
| Vos | hubieras eximido / hubieses eximido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere eximido |
| Tú | hubieres eximido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere eximido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos eximido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis eximido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren eximido |
| Vos | hubieres eximido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté eximiendo |
| Tú | estés eximiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté eximiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos eximiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis eximiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén eximiendo |
| Vos | estés eximiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera eximiendo / estuviese eximiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras eximiendo / estuvieses eximiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera eximiendo / estuviese eximiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos eximiendo / estuviésamos eximiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais eximiendo / estuvieseis eximiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera eximiendo / estuviese eximiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras eximiendo / estuvieses eximiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere eximiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres eximiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere eximiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos eximiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis eximiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere eximiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres eximiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos eximís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos eximiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos eximías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos eximirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos eximirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos eximas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos eximieras / Vos eximiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos eximí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no eximas |