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Excluir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to exclude, expell”.
Below are all of the conjugations for excluir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to exclude, expell |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | excluir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está excluyendo) and past continuous (estaba excluyendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. excluding).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he excluido and hubiera excluido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have excluded).
| Gerundio / Gerund | excluyendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | excluido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I exclude” or “they exclude”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | excluyo |
| Tú | excluyes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | excluye |
| Nosotros / as | excluimos |
| Vosotros / as | excluís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | excluyen |
| Vos | excluís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I excluded” or “she excluded” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | excluí | I excluded |
| Tú | excluiste | You excluded |
| Él / Ella / Usted | excluyó | He / she / you excluded |
| Nosotros / as | excluimos | We excluded |
| Vosotros / as | excluisteis | You excluded |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | excluyeron | They / you excluded |
| Vos | excluiste | You excluded |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was excluding” or “she was excluding” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | excluía | I was excluding |
| Tú | excluías | You were excluding |
| Él / Ella / Usted | excluía | He was / she was / you were excluding |
| Nosotros / as | excluíamos | We were excluding |
| Vosotros / as | excluíais | You were excluding |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | excluían | They / you were excluding |
| Vos | excluías | You were excluding |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have excluded” and “she has excluded”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he excluido | I have excluded |
| Tú | has excluido | You have excluded |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha excluido | He has / she has / you have excluded |
| Nosotros / as | hemos excluido | We have excluded |
| Vosotros / as | habéis excluido | You have excluded |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han excluido | They / you have excluded |
| Vos | has excluido | You have excluded |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would exclude” or “she would exclude”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | excluiría | I would exclude |
| Tú | excluirías | You would exclude |
| Él / Ella / Usted | excluiría | He / she / you would exclude |
| Nosotros / as | excluiríamos | We would exclude |
| Vosotros / as | excluiríais | You would exclude |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | excluirían | They / you would exclude |
| Vos | excluirías | You would exclude |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will exclude” or “they will exclude”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a excluir” means “They are going to exclude”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | excluiré | I will exclude |
| Tú | excluirás | You will exclude |
| Él / Ella / Usted | excluirá | He / she / you will exclude |
| Nosotros / as | excluiremos | We will exclude |
| Vosotros / as | excluiréis | You will exclude |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | excluirán | They / you will exclude |
| Vos | excluirás | You will exclude |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | excluya |
| Tú | excluyas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | excluya |
| Nosotros / as | excluyamos |
| Vosotros / as | excluyáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | excluyan |
| Vos | excluyas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | excluyera | excluyese |
| Tú | excluyeras | excluyese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | excluyera | excluyese |
| Nosotros / as | excluyéramos | excluyésemos |
| Vosotros / as | excluyerais | excluyeseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | excluyeran | excluyesen |
| Vos | excluyeras | excluyese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | excluyere |
| Tú | excluyeres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | excluyera |
| Nosotros / as | excluyéremos |
| Vosotros / as | excluyereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | excluyeren |
| Vos | excluyeres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “exclude!” and “don’t exclude!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | excluye | no excluyas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | excluya | no excluya |
| Nosotros / as | excluyamos | no excluyamos |
| Vosotros / as | excluid | no excluyáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | excluyan | no excluyan |
| Vos | excluí | no excluyas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya excluido |
| Tú | hayas excluido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya excluido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos excluido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis excluido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan excluido |
| Vos | hayas excluido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera excluido / hubiese excluido |
| Tú | hubieras excluido / hubieses excluido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera excluido / hubiese excluido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos excluido / hubiésemos excluido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais excluido / hubieseis excluido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran excluido / hubiesen excluido |
| Vos | hubieras excluido / hubieses excluido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere excluido |
| Tú | hubieres excluido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere excluido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos excluido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis excluido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren excluido |
| Vos | hubieres excluido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté excluyendo |
| Tú | estés excluyendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté excluyendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos excluyendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis excluyendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén excluyendo |
| Vos | estés excluyendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera excluyendo / estuviese excluyendo |
| Tú | estuvieras excluyendo / estuvieses excluyendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera excluyendo / estuviese excluyendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos excluyendo / estuviésamos excluyendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais excluyendo / estuvieseis excluyendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera excluyendo / estuviese excluyendo |
| Vos | estuvieras excluyendo / estuvieses excluyendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere excluyendo |
| Tú | estuvieres excluyendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere excluyendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos excluyendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis excluyendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere excluyendo |
| Vos | estuvieres excluyendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos excluís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos excluiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos excluías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos excluirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos excluirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos excluyas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos excluyeras / Vos excluyese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos excluí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no excluyas |