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Disuadir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to dissuade”.
Below are all of the conjugations for disuadir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to dissuade |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | disuadir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está disuadiendo) and past continuous (estaba disuadiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. dissuading).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he disuadido and hubiera disuadido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have dissuaded).
| Gerundio / Gerund | disuadiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | disuadido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I dissuade” or “they dissuade”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | disuado |
| Tú | disuades |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disuade |
| Nosotros / as | disuadimos |
| Vosotros / as | disuadís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disuaden |
| Vos | disuadís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I dissuaded” or “she dissuaded” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | disuadí | I dissuaded |
| Tú | disuadiste | You dissuaded |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disuadió | He / she / you dissuaded |
| Nosotros / as | disuadimos | We dissuaded |
| Vosotros / as | disuadisteis | You dissuaded |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disuadieron | They / you dissuaded |
| Vos | disuadiste | You dissuaded |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was dissuading” or “she was dissuading” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | disuadía | I was dissuading |
| Tú | disuadías | You were dissuading |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disuadía | He was / she was / you were dissuading |
| Nosotros / as | disuadíamos | We were dissuading |
| Vosotros / as | disuadíais | You were dissuading |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disuadían | They / you were dissuading |
| Vos | disuadías | You were dissuading |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have dissuaded” and “she has dissuaded”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he disuadido | I have dissuaded |
| Tú | has disuadido | You have dissuaded |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha disuadido | He has / she has / you have dissuaded |
| Nosotros / as | hemos disuadido | We have dissuaded |
| Vosotros / as | habéis disuadido | You have dissuaded |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han disuadido | They / you have dissuaded |
| Vos | has disuadido | You have dissuaded |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would dissuade” or “she would dissuade”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | disuadiría | I would dissuade |
| Tú | disuadirías | You would dissuade |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disuadiría | He / she / you would dissuade |
| Nosotros / as | disuadiríamos | We would dissuade |
| Vosotros / as | disuadiríais | You would dissuade |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disuadirían | They / you would dissuade |
| Vos | disuadirías | You would dissuade |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will dissuade” or “they will dissuade”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a disuadir” means “They are going to dissuade”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | disuadiré | I will dissuade |
| Tú | disuadirás | You will dissuade |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disuadirá | He / she / you will dissuade |
| Nosotros / as | disuadiremos | We will dissuade |
| Vosotros / as | disuadiréis | You will dissuade |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disuadirán | They / you will dissuade |
| Vos | disuadirás | You will dissuade |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | disuada |
| Tú | disuadas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disuada |
| Nosotros / as | disuadamos |
| Vosotros / as | disuadáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disuadan |
| Vos | disuadas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | disuadiera | disuadiese |
| Tú | disuadieras | disuadiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disuadiera | disuadiese |
| Nosotros / as | disuadiéramos | disuadiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | disuadierais | disuadieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disuadieran | disuadiesen |
| Vos | disuadieras | disuadiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | disuadiere |
| Tú | disuadieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disuadiera |
| Nosotros / as | disuadiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | disuadiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disuadieren |
| Vos | disuadieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “dissuade!” and “don’t dissuade!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | disuade | no disuadas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | disuada | no disuada |
| Nosotros / as | disuadamos | no disuadamos |
| Vosotros / as | disuadid | no disuadáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | disuadan | no disuadan |
| Vos | disuadí | no disuadas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya disuadido |
| Tú | hayas disuadido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya disuadido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos disuadido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis disuadido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan disuadido |
| Vos | hayas disuadido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera disuadido / hubiese disuadido |
| Tú | hubieras disuadido / hubieses disuadido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera disuadido / hubiese disuadido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos disuadido / hubiésemos disuadido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais disuadido / hubieseis disuadido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran disuadido / hubiesen disuadido |
| Vos | hubieras disuadido / hubieses disuadido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere disuadido |
| Tú | hubieres disuadido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere disuadido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos disuadido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis disuadido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren disuadido |
| Vos | hubieres disuadido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté disuadiendo |
| Tú | estés disuadiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté disuadiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos disuadiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis disuadiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén disuadiendo |
| Vos | estés disuadiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera disuadiendo / estuviese disuadiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras disuadiendo / estuvieses disuadiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera disuadiendo / estuviese disuadiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos disuadiendo / estuviésamos disuadiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais disuadiendo / estuvieseis disuadiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera disuadiendo / estuviese disuadiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras disuadiendo / estuvieses disuadiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere disuadiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres disuadiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere disuadiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos disuadiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis disuadiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere disuadiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres disuadiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos disuadís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos disuadiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos disuadías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos disuadirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos disuadirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos disuadas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos disuadieras / Vos disuadiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos disuadí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no disuadas |