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Derramar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to spill, scatter”.
Below are all of the conjugations for derramar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to spill, scatter |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | derramar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está derramando) and past continuous (estaba derramando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. spilling).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he derramado and hubiera derramado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have spilled).
| Gerundio / Gerund | derramando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | derramado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I spill” or “they spill”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | derramo |
| Tú | derramas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derrama |
| Nosotros / as | derramamos |
| Vosotros / as | derramáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derraman |
| Vos | derramás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I spilled” or “she spilled” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | derramé | I spilled |
| Tú | derramaste | You spilled |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derramó | He / she / you spilled |
| Nosotros / as | derramamos | We spilled |
| Vosotros / as | derramasteis | You spilled |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derramaron | They / you spilled |
| Vos | derramaste | You spilled |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was spilling” or “she was spilling” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | derramaba | I was spilling |
| Tú | derramabas | You were spilling |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derramaba | He was / she was / you were spilling |
| Nosotros / as | derramábamos | We were spilling |
| Vosotros / as | derramabais | You were spilling |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derramaban | They / you were spilling |
| Vos | derramabas | You were spilling |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have spilled” and “she has spilled”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he derramado | I have spilled |
| Tú | has derramado | You have spilled |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha derramado | He has / she has / you have spilled |
| Nosotros / as | hemos derramado | We have spilled |
| Vosotros / as | habéis derramado | You have spilled |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han derramado | They / you have spilled |
| Vos | has derramado | You have spilled |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would spill” or “she would spill”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | derramaría | I would spill |
| Tú | derramarías | You would spill |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derramaría | He / she / you would spill |
| Nosotros / as | derramaríamos | We would spill |
| Vosotros / as | derramaríais | You would spill |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derramarían | They / you would spill |
| Vos | derramarías | You would spill |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will spill” or “they will spill”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a derramar” means “They are going to spill”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | derramaré | I will spill |
| Tú | derramarás | You will spill |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derramará | He / she / you will spill |
| Nosotros / as | derramaremos | We will spill |
| Vosotros / as | derramaréis | You will spill |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derramarán | They / you will spill |
| Vos | derramarás | You will spill |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | derrame |
| Tú | derrames |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derrame |
| Nosotros / as | derramemos |
| Vosotros / as | derraméis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derramen |
| Vos | derrames |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | derramara | derramase |
| Tú | derramaras | derramase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derramara | derramase |
| Nosotros / as | derramáramos | derramásemos |
| Vosotros / as | derramarais | derramaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derramaran | derramasen |
| Vos | derramaras | derramase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | derramare |
| Tú | derramares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derramare |
| Nosotros / as | derramáremos |
| Vosotros / as | derramareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derramaren |
| Vos | derramares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “spill!” and “don’t spill!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | derrama | no derrames |
| Él / Ella / Usted | derrame | no derrame |
| Nosotros / as | derramemos | no derramemos |
| Vosotros / as | derramad | no derraméis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | derramen | no derramen |
| Vos | derramá | no derrames |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya derramado |
| Tú | hayas derramado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya derramado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos derramado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis derramado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan derramado |
| Vos | hayas derramado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera derramado / hubiese derramado |
| Tú | hubieras derramado / hubieses derramado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera derramado / hubiese derramado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos derramado / hubiésemos derramado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais derramado / hubieseis derramado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran derramado / hubiesen derramado |
| Vos | hubieras derramado / hubieses derramado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere derramado |
| Tú | hubieres derramado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere derramado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos derramado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis derramado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren derramado |
| Vos | hubieres derramado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté derramando |
| Tú | estés derramando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté derramando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos derramando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis derramando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén derramando |
| Vos | estés derramando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera derramando / estuviese derramando |
| Tú | estuvieras derramando / estuvieses derramando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera derramando / estuviese derramando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos derramando / estuviésamos derramando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais derramando / estuvieseis derramando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera derramando / estuviese derramando |
| Vos | estuvieras derramando / estuvieses derramando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere derramando |
| Tú | estuvieres derramando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere derramando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos derramando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis derramando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere derramando |
| Vos | estuvieres derramando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos derramás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos derramaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos derramabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos derramarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos derramarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos derrames |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos derramaras / Vos derramase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos derramá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no derrames |