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Denunciar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to denounce, censure, accuse”.
Below are all of the conjugations for denunciar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to denounce, censure, accuse |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | denunciar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está denunciando) and past continuous (estaba denunciando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. denouncing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he denunciado and hubiera denunciado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have denounced).
| Gerundio / Gerund | denunciando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | denunciado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I denounce” or “they denounce”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | denuncio |
| Tú | denuncias |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denuncia |
| Nosotros / as | denunciamos |
| Vosotros / as | denunciáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denuncian |
| Vos | denunciás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I denounced” or “she denounced” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | denuncié | I denounced |
| Tú | denunciaste | You denounced |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denunció | He / she / you denounced |
| Nosotros / as | denunciamos | We denounced |
| Vosotros / as | denunciasteis | You denounced |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denunciaron | They / you denounced |
| Vos | denunciaste | You denounced |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was denouncing” or “she was denouncing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | denunciaba | I was denouncing |
| Tú | denunciabas | You were denouncing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denunciaba | He was / she was / you were denouncing |
| Nosotros / as | denunciábamos | We were denouncing |
| Vosotros / as | denunciabais | You were denouncing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denunciaban | They / you were denouncing |
| Vos | denunciabas | You were denouncing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have denounced” and “she has denounced”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he denunciado | I have denounced |
| Tú | has denunciado | You have denounced |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha denunciado | He has / she has / you have denounced |
| Nosotros / as | hemos denunciado | We have denounced |
| Vosotros / as | habéis denunciado | You have denounced |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han denunciado | They / you have denounced |
| Vos | has denunciado | You have denounced |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would denounce” or “she would denounce”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | denunciaría | I would denounce |
| Tú | denunciarías | You would denounce |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denunciaría | He / she / you would denounce |
| Nosotros / as | denunciaríamos | We would denounce |
| Vosotros / as | denunciaríais | You would denounce |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denunciarían | They / you would denounce |
| Vos | denunciarías | You would denounce |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will denounce” or “they will denounce”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a denunciar” means “They are going to denounce”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | denunciaré | I will denounce |
| Tú | denunciarás | You will denounce |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denunciará | He / she / you will denounce |
| Nosotros / as | denunciaremos | We will denounce |
| Vosotros / as | denunciaréis | You will denounce |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denunciarán | They / you will denounce |
| Vos | denunciarás | You will denounce |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | denuncie |
| Tú | denuncies |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denuncie |
| Nosotros / as | denunciemos |
| Vosotros / as | denunciéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denuncien |
| Vos | denuncies |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | denunciara | denunciase |
| Tú | denunciaras | denunciase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denunciara | denunciase |
| Nosotros / as | denunciáramos | denunciásemos |
| Vosotros / as | denunciarais | denunciaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denunciaran | denunciasen |
| Vos | denunciaras | denunciase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | denunciare |
| Tú | denunciares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denunciare |
| Nosotros / as | denunciáremos |
| Vosotros / as | denunciareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denunciaren |
| Vos | denunciares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “denounce!” and “don’t denounce!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | denuncia | no denuncies |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denuncie | no denuncie |
| Nosotros / as | denunciemos | no denunciemos |
| Vosotros / as | denunciad | no denunciéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denuncien | no denuncien |
| Vos | denunciá | no denuncies |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya denunciado |
| Tú | hayas denunciado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya denunciado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos denunciado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis denunciado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan denunciado |
| Vos | hayas denunciado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera denunciado / hubiese denunciado |
| Tú | hubieras denunciado / hubieses denunciado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera denunciado / hubiese denunciado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos denunciado / hubiésemos denunciado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais denunciado / hubieseis denunciado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran denunciado / hubiesen denunciado |
| Vos | hubieras denunciado / hubieses denunciado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere denunciado |
| Tú | hubieres denunciado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere denunciado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos denunciado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis denunciado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren denunciado |
| Vos | hubieres denunciado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté denunciando |
| Tú | estés denunciando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté denunciando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos denunciando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis denunciando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén denunciando |
| Vos | estés denunciando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera denunciando / estuviese denunciando |
| Tú | estuvieras denunciando / estuvieses denunciando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera denunciando / estuviese denunciando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos denunciando / estuviésamos denunciando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais denunciando / estuvieseis denunciando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera denunciando / estuviese denunciando |
| Vos | estuvieras denunciando / estuvieses denunciando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere denunciando |
| Tú | estuvieres denunciando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere denunciando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos denunciando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis denunciando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere denunciando |
| Vos | estuvieres denunciando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos denunciás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos denunciaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos denunciabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos denunciarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos denunciarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos denuncies |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos denunciaras / Vos denunciase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos denunciá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no denuncies |