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Denotar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to denote, indicate”.
Below are all of the conjugations for denotar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to denote, indicate |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | denotar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está denotando) and past continuous (estaba denotando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. denoting).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he denotado and hubiera denotado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have denoted).
| Gerundio / Gerund | denotando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | denotado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I denote” or “they denote”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | denoto |
| Tú | denotas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denota |
| Nosotros / as | denotamos |
| Vosotros / as | denotáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denotan |
| Vos | denotás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I denoted” or “she denoted” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | denoté | I denoted |
| Tú | denotaste | You denoted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denotó | He / she / you denoted |
| Nosotros / as | denotamos | We denoted |
| Vosotros / as | denotasteis | You denoted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denotaron | They / you denoted |
| Vos | denotaste | You denoted |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was denoting” or “she was denoting” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | denotaba | I was denoting |
| Tú | denotabas | You were denoting |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denotaba | He was / she was / you were denoting |
| Nosotros / as | denotábamos | We were denoting |
| Vosotros / as | denotabais | You were denoting |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denotaban | They / you were denoting |
| Vos | denotabas | You were denoting |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have denoted” and “she has denoted”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he denotado | I have denoted |
| Tú | has denotado | You have denoted |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha denotado | He has / she has / you have denoted |
| Nosotros / as | hemos denotado | We have denoted |
| Vosotros / as | habéis denotado | You have denoted |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han denotado | They / you have denoted |
| Vos | has denotado | You have denoted |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would denote” or “she would denote”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | denotaría | I would denote |
| Tú | denotarías | You would denote |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denotaría | He / she / you would denote |
| Nosotros / as | denotaríamos | We would denote |
| Vosotros / as | denotaríais | You would denote |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denotarían | They / you would denote |
| Vos | denotarías | You would denote |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will denote” or “they will denote”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a denotar” means “They are going to denote”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | denotaré | I will denote |
| Tú | denotarás | You will denote |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denotará | He / she / you will denote |
| Nosotros / as | denotaremos | We will denote |
| Vosotros / as | denotaréis | You will denote |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denotarán | They / you will denote |
| Vos | denotarás | You will denote |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | denote |
| Tú | denotes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denote |
| Nosotros / as | denotemos |
| Vosotros / as | denotéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denoten |
| Vos | denotes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | denotara | denotase |
| Tú | denotaras | denotase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denotara | denotase |
| Nosotros / as | denotáramos | denotásemos |
| Vosotros / as | denotarais | denotaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denotaran | denotasen |
| Vos | denotaras | denotase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | denotare |
| Tú | denotares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denotare |
| Nosotros / as | denotáremos |
| Vosotros / as | denotareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denotaren |
| Vos | denotares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “denote!” and “don’t denote!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | denota | no denotes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | denote | no denote |
| Nosotros / as | denotemos | no denotemos |
| Vosotros / as | denotad | no denotéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | denoten | no denoten |
| Vos | denotá | no denotes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya denotado |
| Tú | hayas denotado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya denotado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos denotado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis denotado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan denotado |
| Vos | hayas denotado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera denotado / hubiese denotado |
| Tú | hubieras denotado / hubieses denotado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera denotado / hubiese denotado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos denotado / hubiésemos denotado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais denotado / hubieseis denotado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran denotado / hubiesen denotado |
| Vos | hubieras denotado / hubieses denotado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere denotado |
| Tú | hubieres denotado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere denotado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos denotado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis denotado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren denotado |
| Vos | hubieres denotado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté denotando |
| Tú | estés denotando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté denotando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos denotando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis denotando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén denotando |
| Vos | estés denotando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera denotando / estuviese denotando |
| Tú | estuvieras denotando / estuvieses denotando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera denotando / estuviese denotando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos denotando / estuviésamos denotando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais denotando / estuvieseis denotando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera denotando / estuviese denotando |
| Vos | estuvieras denotando / estuvieses denotando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere denotando |
| Tú | estuvieres denotando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere denotando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos denotando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis denotando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere denotando |
| Vos | estuvieres denotando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos denotás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos denotaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos denotabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos denotarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos denotarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos denotes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos denotaras / Vos denotase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos denotá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no denotes |