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Defraudar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to deceive, deprive, defraud”.
Below are all of the conjugations for defraudar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to deceive, deprive, defraud |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | defraudar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está defraudando) and past continuous (estaba defraudando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. deceiving).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he defraudado and hubiera defraudado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have deceived).
| Gerundio / Gerund | defraudando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | defraudado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I deceive” or “they deceive”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | defraudo |
| Tú | defraudas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | defrauda |
| Nosotros / as | defraudamos |
| Vosotros / as | defraudáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | defraudan |
| Vos | defraudás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I deceived” or “she deceived” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | defraudé | I deceived |
| Tú | defraudaste | You deceived |
| Él / Ella / Usted | defraudó | He / she / you deceived |
| Nosotros / as | defraudamos | We deceived |
| Vosotros / as | defraudasteis | You deceived |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | defraudaron | They / you deceived |
| Vos | defraudaste | You deceived |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was deceiving” or “she was deceiving” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | defraudaba | I was deceiving |
| Tú | defraudabas | You were deceiving |
| Él / Ella / Usted | defraudaba | He was / she was / you were deceiving |
| Nosotros / as | defraudábamos | We were deceiving |
| Vosotros / as | defraudabais | You were deceiving |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | defraudaban | They / you were deceiving |
| Vos | defraudabas | You were deceiving |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have deceived” and “she has deceived”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he defraudado | I have deceived |
| Tú | has defraudado | You have deceived |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha defraudado | He has / she has / you have deceived |
| Nosotros / as | hemos defraudado | We have deceived |
| Vosotros / as | habéis defraudado | You have deceived |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han defraudado | They / you have deceived |
| Vos | has defraudado | You have deceived |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would deceive” or “she would deceive”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | defraudaría | I would deceive |
| Tú | defraudarías | You would deceive |
| Él / Ella / Usted | defraudaría | He / she / you would deceive |
| Nosotros / as | defraudaríamos | We would deceive |
| Vosotros / as | defraudaríais | You would deceive |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | defraudarían | They / you would deceive |
| Vos | defraudarías | You would deceive |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will deceive” or “they will deceive”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a defraudar” means “They are going to deceive”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | defraudaré | I will deceive |
| Tú | defraudarás | You will deceive |
| Él / Ella / Usted | defraudará | He / she / you will deceive |
| Nosotros / as | defraudaremos | We will deceive |
| Vosotros / as | defraudaréis | You will deceive |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | defraudarán | They / you will deceive |
| Vos | defraudarás | You will deceive |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | defraude |
| Tú | defraudes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | defraude |
| Nosotros / as | defraudemos |
| Vosotros / as | defraudéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | defrauden |
| Vos | defraudes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | defraudara | defraudase |
| Tú | defraudaras | defraudase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | defraudara | defraudase |
| Nosotros / as | defraudáramos | defraudásemos |
| Vosotros / as | defraudarais | defraudaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | defraudaran | defraudasen |
| Vos | defraudaras | defraudase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | defraudare |
| Tú | defraudares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | defraudare |
| Nosotros / as | defraudáremos |
| Vosotros / as | defraudareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | defraudaren |
| Vos | defraudares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “deceive!” and “don’t deceive!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | defrauda | no defraudes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | defraude | no defraude |
| Nosotros / as | defraudemos | no defraudemos |
| Vosotros / as | defraudad | no defraudéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | defrauden | no defrauden |
| Vos | defraudá | no defraudes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya defraudado |
| Tú | hayas defraudado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya defraudado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos defraudado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis defraudado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan defraudado |
| Vos | hayas defraudado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera defraudado / hubiese defraudado |
| Tú | hubieras defraudado / hubieses defraudado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera defraudado / hubiese defraudado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos defraudado / hubiésemos defraudado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais defraudado / hubieseis defraudado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran defraudado / hubiesen defraudado |
| Vos | hubieras defraudado / hubieses defraudado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere defraudado |
| Tú | hubieres defraudado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere defraudado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos defraudado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis defraudado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren defraudado |
| Vos | hubieres defraudado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté defraudando |
| Tú | estés defraudando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté defraudando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos defraudando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis defraudando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén defraudando |
| Vos | estés defraudando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera defraudando / estuviese defraudando |
| Tú | estuvieras defraudando / estuvieses defraudando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera defraudando / estuviese defraudando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos defraudando / estuviésamos defraudando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais defraudando / estuvieseis defraudando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera defraudando / estuviese defraudando |
| Vos | estuvieras defraudando / estuvieses defraudando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere defraudando |
| Tú | estuvieres defraudando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere defraudando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos defraudando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis defraudando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere defraudando |
| Vos | estuvieres defraudando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos defraudás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos defraudaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos defraudabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos defraudarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos defraudarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos defraudes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos defraudaras / Vos defraudase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos defraudá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no defraudes |