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Convalecer is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to recover, convalesce”.
Below are all of the conjugations for convalecer in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to recover, convalesce |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | convalecer |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está convaleciendo) and past continuous (estaba convaleciendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. recovering).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he convalecido and hubiera convalecido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have recovered).
| Gerundio / Gerund | convaleciendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | convalecido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I recover” or “they recover”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | convalezco |
| Tú | convaleces |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convalece |
| Nosotros / as | convalecemos |
| Vosotros / as | convalecéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convalecen |
| Vos | convalecés |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I recovered” or “she recovered” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | convalecí | I recovered |
| Tú | convaleciste | You recovered |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convaleció | He / she / you recovered |
| Nosotros / as | convalecimos | We recovered |
| Vosotros / as | convalecisteis | You recovered |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convalecieron | They / you recovered |
| Vos | convaleciste | You recovered |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was recovering” or “she was recovering” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | convalecía | I was recovering |
| Tú | convalecías | You were recovering |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convalecía | He was / she was / you were recovering |
| Nosotros / as | convalecíamos | We were recovering |
| Vosotros / as | convalecíais | You were recovering |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convalecían | They / you were recovering |
| Vos | convalecías | You were recovering |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have recovered” and “she has recovered”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he convalecido | I have recovered |
| Tú | has convalecido | You have recovered |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha convalecido | He has / she has / you have recovered |
| Nosotros / as | hemos convalecido | We have recovered |
| Vosotros / as | habéis convalecido | You have recovered |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han convalecido | They / you have recovered |
| Vos | has convalecido | You have recovered |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would recover” or “she would recover”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | convalecería | I would recover |
| Tú | convalecerías | You would recover |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convalecería | He / she / you would recover |
| Nosotros / as | convaleceríamos | We would recover |
| Vosotros / as | convaleceríais | You would recover |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convalecerían | They / you would recover |
| Vos | convalecerías | You would recover |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will recover” or “they will recover”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a convalecer” means “They are going to recover”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | convaleceré | I will recover |
| Tú | convalecerás | You will recover |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convalecerá | He / she / you will recover |
| Nosotros / as | convaleceremos | We will recover |
| Vosotros / as | convaleceréis | You will recover |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convalecerán | They / you will recover |
| Vos | convalecerás | You will recover |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | convalezca |
| Tú | convalezcas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convalezca |
| Nosotros / as | convalezcamos |
| Vosotros / as | convalezcáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convalezcan |
| Vos | convalezcas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | convaleciera | convaleciese |
| Tú | convalecieras | convaleciese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convaleciera | convaleciese |
| Nosotros / as | convaleciéramos | convaleciésemos |
| Vosotros / as | convalecierais | convalecieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convalecieran | convaleciesen |
| Vos | convalecieras | convaleciese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | convaleciere |
| Tú | convalecieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convaleciere |
| Nosotros / as | convaleciéremos |
| Vosotros / as | convaleciereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convalecieren |
| Vos | convalecieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “recover!” and “don’t recover!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | convalece | no convalezcas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | convalezca | no convalezca |
| Nosotros / as | convalezcamos | no convalezcamos |
| Vosotros / as | convaleced | no convalezcáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | convalezcan | no convalezcan |
| Vos | convalecé | no convalezcas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya convalecido |
| Tú | hayas convalecido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya convalecido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos convalecido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis convalecido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan convalecido |
| Vos | hayas convalecido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera convalecido / hubiese convalecido |
| Tú | hubieras convalecido / hubieses convalecido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera convalecido / hubiese convalecido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos convalecido / hubiésemos convalecido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais convalecido / hubieseis convalecido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran convalecido / hubiesen convalecido |
| Vos | hubieras convalecido / hubieses convalecido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere convalecido |
| Tú | hubieres convalecido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere convalecido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos convalecido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis convalecido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren convalecido |
| Vos | hubieres convalecido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté convaleciendo |
| Tú | estés convaleciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté convaleciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos convaleciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis convaleciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén convaleciendo |
| Vos | estés convaleciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera convaleciendo / estuviese convaleciendo |
| Tú | estuvieras convaleciendo / estuvieses convaleciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera convaleciendo / estuviese convaleciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos convaleciendo / estuviésamos convaleciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais convaleciendo / estuvieseis convaleciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera convaleciendo / estuviese convaleciendo |
| Vos | estuvieras convaleciendo / estuvieses convaleciendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere convaleciendo |
| Tú | estuvieres convaleciendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere convaleciendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos convaleciendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis convaleciendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere convaleciendo |
| Vos | estuvieres convaleciendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos convalecés |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos convaleciste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos convalecías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos convalecerías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos convalecerás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos convalezcas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos convalecieras / Vos convaleciese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos convalecé |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no convalezcas |