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Confundirse is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to mix up, mistake, be confused”.
It’s a reflexive verb, which means the subject performs the action upon themselves – e.g. “I wake myself”.
Reflexive verbs always carry a reflexive pronoun – me, te, se, nos or os – which is often placed before the conjugated verb (e.g. me confundo) or after the infinitive (e.g. Él tiene que confundirse).
Below are all of the conjugations for confundirse in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to mix up, mistake, be confused |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | confundirse |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está confundiéndose) and past continuous (estaba confundiéndose). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. mixing up).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he confundido and hubiera confundido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have mixed up).
| Gerundio / Gerund | confundiéndose |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | confundido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I mix up” or “they mix up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | me confundo |
| Tú | te confundes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se confunde |
| Nosotros / as | nos confundimos |
| Vosotros / as | os confundís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se confunden |
| Vos | te confundís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I mixed up” or “she mixed up” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me confundí | I mixed up |
| Tú | te confundiste | You mixed up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se confundió | He / she / you mixed up |
| Nosotros / as | nos confundimos | We mixed up |
| Vosotros / as | os confundisteis | You mixed up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se confundieron | They / you mixed up |
| Vos | te confundiste | You mixed up |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was mixing up” or “she was mixing up” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me confundía | I was mixing up |
| Tú | te confundías | You were mixing up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se confundía | He was / she was / you were mixing up |
| Nosotros / as | nos confundíamos | We were mixing up |
| Vosotros / as | os confundíais | You were mixing up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se confundían | They / you were mixing up |
| Vos | te confundías | You were mixing up |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have mixed up” and “she has mixed up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me he confundido | I have mixed up |
| Tú | te has confundido | You have mixed up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se ha confundido | He has / she has / you have mixed up |
| Nosotros / as | nos hemos confundido | We have mixed up |
| Vosotros / as | os habéis confundido | You have mixed up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se han confundido | They / you have mixed up |
| Vos | te has confundido | You have mixed up |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would mix up” or “she would mix up”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me confundiría | I would mix up |
| Tú | te confundirías | You would mix up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se confundiría | He / she / you would mix up |
| Nosotros / as | nos confundiríamos | We would mix up |
| Vosotros / as | os confundiríais | You would mix up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se confundirían | They / you would mix up |
| Vos | te confundirías | You would mix up |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will mix up” or “they will mix up”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a confundirse” means “They are going to mix up”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me confundiré | I will mix up |
| Tú | te confundirás | You will mix up |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se confundirá | He / she / you will mix up |
| Nosotros / as | nos confundiremos | We will mix up |
| Vosotros / as | os confundiréis | You will mix up |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se confundirán | They / you will mix up |
| Vos | te confundirás | You will mix up |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | me confunda |
| Tú | te confundas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se confunda |
| Nosotros / as | nos confundamos |
| Vosotros / as | os confundáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se confundan |
| Vos | te confundas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | me confundiera | me confundiese |
| Tú | te confundieras | me confundiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se confundiera | se confundiese |
| Nosotros / as | nos confundiéramos | nos confundiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | os confundierais | os confundieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se confundieran | se confundiesen |
| Vos | te confundieras | me confundiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | me confundiere |
| Tú | te confundieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | se confundiera |
| Nosotros / as | nos confundiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | os confundiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | se confundieren |
| Vos | te confundieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “mix up!” and “don’t mix up!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | confúndete | no te confundas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | confúndase | no se confunda |
| Nosotros / as | confundámonos | no nos confundamos |
| Vosotros / as | confundíos | no os confundáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | confúndanse | no se confundan |
| Vos | confundite | no te confundas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya confundido |
| Tú | hayas confundido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya confundido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos confundido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis confundido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan confundido |
| Vos | hayas confundido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera confundido / hubiese confundido |
| Tú | hubieras confundido / hubieses confundido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera confundido / hubiese confundido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos confundido / hubiésemos confundido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais confundido / hubieseis confundido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran confundido / hubiesen confundido |
| Vos | hubieras confundido / hubieses confundido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere confundido |
| Tú | hubieres confundido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere confundido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos confundido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis confundido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren confundido |
| Vos | hubieres confundido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté confundiéndose |
| Tú | estés confundiéndose |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté confundiéndose |
| Nosotros / as | estemos confundiéndose |
| Vosotros / as | estéis confundiéndose |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén confundiéndose |
| Vos | estés confundiéndose |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera confundiéndose / estuviese confundiéndose |
| Tú | estuvieras confundiéndose / estuvieses confundiéndose |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera confundiéndose / estuviese confundiéndose |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos confundiéndose / estuviésamos confundiéndose |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais confundiéndose / estuvieseis confundiéndose |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera confundiéndose / estuviese confundiéndose |
| Vos | estuvieras confundiéndose / estuvieses confundiéndose |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere confundiéndose |
| Tú | estuvieres confundiéndose |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere confundiéndose |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos confundiéndose |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis confundiéndose |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere confundiéndose |
| Vos | estuvieres confundiéndose |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos te confundís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos te confundiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos te confundías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos te confundirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos te confundirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos te confundas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos te confundieras / Vos me confundiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos confundite |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no te confundas |