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Concluir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to finish, conclude, end”.
Below are all of the conjugations for concluir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to finish, conclude, end |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | concluir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está concluyendo) and past continuous (estaba concluyendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. concluding).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he concluido and hubiera concluido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have concluded).
| Gerundio / Gerund | concluyendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | concluido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I conclude” or “they conclude”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | concluyo |
| Tú | concluyes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | concluye |
| Nosotros / as | concluimos |
| Vosotros / as | concluís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | concluyen |
| Vos | concluís |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I concluded” or “she concluded” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | concluí | I concluded |
| Tú | concluiste | You concluded |
| Él / Ella / Usted | concluyó | He / she / you concluded |
| Nosotros / as | concluimos | We concluded |
| Vosotros / as | concluisteis | You concluded |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | concluyeron | They / you concluded |
| Vos | concluiste | You concluded |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was concluding” or “she was concluding” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | concluía | I was concluding |
| Tú | concluías | You were concluding |
| Él / Ella / Usted | concluía | He was / she was / you were concluding |
| Nosotros / as | concluíamos | We were concluding |
| Vosotros / as | concluíais | You were concluding |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | concluían | They / you were concluding |
| Vos | concluías | You were concluding |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have concluded” and “she has concluded”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he concluido | I have concluded |
| Tú | has concluido | You have concluded |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha concluido | He has / she has / you have concluded |
| Nosotros / as | hemos concluido | We have concluded |
| Vosotros / as | habéis concluido | You have concluded |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han concluido | They / you have concluded |
| Vos | has concluido | You have concluded |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would conclude” or “she would conclude”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | concluiría | I would conclude |
| Tú | concluirías | You would conclude |
| Él / Ella / Usted | concluiría | He / she / you would conclude |
| Nosotros / as | concluiríamos | We would conclude |
| Vosotros / as | concluiríais | You would conclude |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | concluirían | They / you would conclude |
| Vos | concluirías | You would conclude |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will conclude” or “they will conclude”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a concluir” means “They are going to conclude”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | concluiré | I will conclude |
| Tú | concluirás | You will conclude |
| Él / Ella / Usted | concluirá | He / she / you will conclude |
| Nosotros / as | concluiremos | We will conclude |
| Vosotros / as | concluiréis | You will conclude |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | concluirán | They / you will conclude |
| Vos | concluirás | You will conclude |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | concluya |
| Tú | concluyas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | concluya |
| Nosotros / as | concluyamos |
| Vosotros / as | concluyáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | concluyan |
| Vos | concluyas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | concluyera | concluyese |
| Tú | concluyeras | concluyese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | concluyera | concluyese |
| Nosotros / as | concluyéramos | concluyésemos |
| Vosotros / as | concluyerais | concluyeseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | concluyeran | concluyesen |
| Vos | concluyeras | concluyese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | concluyere |
| Tú | concluyeres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | concluyera |
| Nosotros / as | concluyéremos |
| Vosotros / as | concluyereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | concluyeren |
| Vos | concluyeres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “conclude!” and “don’t conclude!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | concluye | no concluyas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | concluya | no concluya |
| Nosotros / as | concluyamos | no concluyamos |
| Vosotros / as | concluid | no concluyáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | concluyan | no concluyan |
| Vos | concluí | no concluyas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya concluido |
| Tú | hayas concluido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya concluido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos concluido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis concluido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan concluido |
| Vos | hayas concluido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera concluido / hubiese concluido |
| Tú | hubieras concluido / hubieses concluido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera concluido / hubiese concluido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos concluido / hubiésemos concluido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais concluido / hubieseis concluido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran concluido / hubiesen concluido |
| Vos | hubieras concluido / hubieses concluido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere concluido |
| Tú | hubieres concluido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere concluido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos concluido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis concluido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren concluido |
| Vos | hubieres concluido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté concluyendo |
| Tú | estés concluyendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté concluyendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos concluyendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis concluyendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén concluyendo |
| Vos | estés concluyendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera concluyendo / estuviese concluyendo |
| Tú | estuvieras concluyendo / estuvieses concluyendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera concluyendo / estuviese concluyendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos concluyendo / estuviésamos concluyendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais concluyendo / estuvieseis concluyendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera concluyendo / estuviese concluyendo |
| Vos | estuvieras concluyendo / estuvieses concluyendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere concluyendo |
| Tú | estuvieres concluyendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere concluyendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos concluyendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis concluyendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere concluyendo |
| Vos | estuvieres concluyendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos concluís |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos concluiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos concluías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos concluirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos concluirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos concluyas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos concluyeras / Vos concluyese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos concluí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no concluyas |