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Bajar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to get down, lower, descend”.
Below are all of the conjugations for bajar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to get down, lower, descend |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | bajar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está bajando) and past continuous (estaba bajando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. lowering).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he bajado and hubiera bajado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have lowered).
| Gerundio / Gerund | bajando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | bajado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I lower” or “they lower”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | bajo |
| Tú | bajas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | baja |
| Nosotros / as | bajamos |
| Vosotros / as | bajáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | bajan |
| Vos | bajás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I lowered” or “she lowered” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | bajé | I lowered |
| Tú | bajaste | You lowered |
| Él / Ella / Usted | bajó | He / she / you lowered |
| Nosotros / as | bajamos | We lowered |
| Vosotros / as | bajasteis | You lowered |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | bajaron | They / you lowered |
| Vos | bajaste | You lowered |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was lowering” or “she was lowering” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | bajaba | I was lowering |
| Tú | bajabas | You were lowering |
| Él / Ella / Usted | bajaba | He was / she was / you were lowering |
| Nosotros / as | bajábamos | We were lowering |
| Vosotros / as | bajabais | You were lowering |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | bajaban | They / you were lowering |
| Vos | bajabas | You were lowering |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have lowered” and “she has lowered”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he bajado | I have lowered |
| Tú | has bajado | You have lowered |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha bajado | He has / she has / you have lowered |
| Nosotros / as | hemos bajado | We have lowered |
| Vosotros / as | habéis bajado | You have lowered |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han bajado | They / you have lowered |
| Vos | has bajado | You have lowered |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would lower” or “she would lower”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | bajaría | I would lower |
| Tú | bajarías | You would lower |
| Él / Ella / Usted | bajaría | He / she / you would lower |
| Nosotros / as | bajaríamos | We would lower |
| Vosotros / as | bajaríais | You would lower |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | bajarían | They / you would lower |
| Vos | bajarías | You would lower |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will lower” or “they will lower”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a bajar” means “They are going to lower”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | bajaré | I will lower |
| Tú | bajarás | You will lower |
| Él / Ella / Usted | bajará | He / she / you will lower |
| Nosotros / as | bajaremos | We will lower |
| Vosotros / as | bajaréis | You will lower |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | bajarán | They / you will lower |
| Vos | bajarás | You will lower |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | baje |
| Tú | bajes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | baje |
| Nosotros / as | bajemos |
| Vosotros / as | bajéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | bajen |
| Vos | bajes |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | bajara | bajase |
| Tú | bajaras | bajase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | bajara | bajase |
| Nosotros / as | bajáramos | bajásemos |
| Vosotros / as | bajarais | bajaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | bajaran | bajasen |
| Vos | bajaras | bajase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | bajare |
| Tú | bajares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | bajare |
| Nosotros / as | bajáremos |
| Vosotros / as | bajareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | bajaren |
| Vos | bajares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “lower!” and “don’t lower!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | baja | no bajes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | baje | no baje |
| Nosotros / as | bajemos | no bajemos |
| Vosotros / as | bajad | no bajéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | bajen | no bajen |
| Vos | bajá | no bajes |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya bajado |
| Tú | hayas bajado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya bajado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos bajado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis bajado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan bajado |
| Vos | hayas bajado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera bajado / hubiese bajado |
| Tú | hubieras bajado / hubieses bajado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera bajado / hubiese bajado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos bajado / hubiésemos bajado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais bajado / hubieseis bajado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran bajado / hubiesen bajado |
| Vos | hubieras bajado / hubieses bajado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere bajado |
| Tú | hubieres bajado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere bajado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos bajado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis bajado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren bajado |
| Vos | hubieres bajado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté bajando |
| Tú | estés bajando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté bajando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos bajando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis bajando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén bajando |
| Vos | estés bajando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera bajando / estuviese bajando |
| Tú | estuvieras bajando / estuvieses bajando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera bajando / estuviese bajando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos bajando / estuviésamos bajando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais bajando / estuvieseis bajando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera bajando / estuviese bajando |
| Vos | estuvieras bajando / estuvieses bajando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere bajando |
| Tú | estuvieres bajando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere bajando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos bajando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis bajando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere bajando |
| Vos | estuvieres bajando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos bajás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos bajaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos bajabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos bajarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos bajarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos bajes |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos bajaras / Vos bajase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos bajá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no bajes |