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Avisar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to inform, advise, warn”.
Below are all of the conjugations for avisar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to inform, advise, warn |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | avisar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está avisando) and past continuous (estaba avisando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. informing).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he avisado and hubiera avisado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have informed).
| Gerundio / Gerund | avisando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | avisado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I inform” or “they inform”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | aviso |
| Tú | avisas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | avisa |
| Nosotros / as | avisamos |
| Vosotros / as | avisáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | avisan |
| Vos | avisás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I informed” or “she informed” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | avisé | I informed |
| Tú | avisaste | You informed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | avisó | He / she / you informed |
| Nosotros / as | avisamos | We informed |
| Vosotros / as | avisasteis | You informed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | avisaron | They / you informed |
| Vos | avisaste | You informed |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was informing” or “she was informing” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | avisaba | I was informing |
| Tú | avisabas | You were informing |
| Él / Ella / Usted | avisaba | He was / she was / you were informing |
| Nosotros / as | avisábamos | We were informing |
| Vosotros / as | avisabais | You were informing |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | avisaban | They / you were informing |
| Vos | avisabas | You were informing |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have informed” and “she has informed”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he avisado | I have informed |
| Tú | has avisado | You have informed |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha avisado | He has / she has / you have informed |
| Nosotros / as | hemos avisado | We have informed |
| Vosotros / as | habéis avisado | You have informed |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han avisado | They / you have informed |
| Vos | has avisado | You have informed |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would inform” or “she would inform”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | avisaría | I would inform |
| Tú | avisarías | You would inform |
| Él / Ella / Usted | avisaría | He / she / you would inform |
| Nosotros / as | avisaríamos | We would inform |
| Vosotros / as | avisaríais | You would inform |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | avisarían | They / you would inform |
| Vos | avisarías | You would inform |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will inform” or “they will inform”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a avisar” means “They are going to inform”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | avisaré | I will inform |
| Tú | avisarás | You will inform |
| Él / Ella / Usted | avisará | He / she / you will inform |
| Nosotros / as | avisaremos | We will inform |
| Vosotros / as | avisaréis | You will inform |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | avisarán | They / you will inform |
| Vos | avisarás | You will inform |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | avise |
| Tú | avises |
| Él / Ella / Usted | avise |
| Nosotros / as | avisemos |
| Vosotros / as | aviséis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | avisen |
| Vos | avises |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | avisara | avisase |
| Tú | avisaras | avisase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | avisara | avisase |
| Nosotros / as | avisáramos | avisásemos |
| Vosotros / as | avisarais | avisaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | avisaran | avisasen |
| Vos | avisaras | avisase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | avisare |
| Tú | avisares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | avisare |
| Nosotros / as | avisáremos |
| Vosotros / as | avisareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | avisaren |
| Vos | avisares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “inform!” and “don’t inform!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | avisa | no avises |
| Él / Ella / Usted | avise | no avise |
| Nosotros / as | avisemos | no avisemos |
| Vosotros / as | avisad | no aviséis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | avisen | no avisen |
| Vos | avisá | no avises |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya avisado |
| Tú | hayas avisado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya avisado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos avisado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis avisado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan avisado |
| Vos | hayas avisado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera avisado / hubiese avisado |
| Tú | hubieras avisado / hubieses avisado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera avisado / hubiese avisado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos avisado / hubiésemos avisado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais avisado / hubieseis avisado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran avisado / hubiesen avisado |
| Vos | hubieras avisado / hubieses avisado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere avisado |
| Tú | hubieres avisado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere avisado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos avisado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis avisado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren avisado |
| Vos | hubieres avisado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté avisando |
| Tú | estés avisando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté avisando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos avisando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis avisando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén avisando |
| Vos | estés avisando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera avisando / estuviese avisando |
| Tú | estuvieras avisando / estuvieses avisando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera avisando / estuviese avisando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos avisando / estuviésamos avisando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais avisando / estuvieseis avisando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera avisando / estuviese avisando |
| Vos | estuvieras avisando / estuvieses avisando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere avisando |
| Tú | estuvieres avisando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere avisando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos avisando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis avisando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere avisando |
| Vos | estuvieres avisando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos avisás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos avisaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos avisabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos avisarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos avisarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos avises |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos avisaras / Vos avisase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos avisá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no avises |