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Arriesgar is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to risk, venture”.
Below are all of the conjugations for arriesgar in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to risk, venture |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | arriesgar |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está arriesgando) and past continuous (estaba arriesgando). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. risking).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he arriesgado and hubiera arriesgado. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have risked).
| Gerundio / Gerund | arriesgando |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | arriesgado |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I risk” or “they risk”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | arriesgo |
| Tú | arriesgas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arriesga |
| Nosotros / as | arriesgamos |
| Vosotros / as | arriesgáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arriesgan |
| Vos | arriesgás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I risked” or “she risked” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arriesgué | I risked |
| Tú | arriesgaste | You risked |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arriesgó | He / she / you risked |
| Nosotros / as | arriesgamos | We risked |
| Vosotros / as | arriesgasteis | You risked |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arriesgaron | They / you risked |
| Vos | arriesgaste | You risked |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was risking” or “she was risking” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arriesgaba | I was risking |
| Tú | arriesgabas | You were risking |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arriesgaba | He was / she was / you were risking |
| Nosotros / as | arriesgábamos | We were risking |
| Vosotros / as | arriesgabais | You were risking |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arriesgaban | They / you were risking |
| Vos | arriesgabas | You were risking |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have risked” and “she has risked”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he arriesgado | I have risked |
| Tú | has arriesgado | You have risked |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha arriesgado | He has / she has / you have risked |
| Nosotros / as | hemos arriesgado | We have risked |
| Vosotros / as | habéis arriesgado | You have risked |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han arriesgado | They / you have risked |
| Vos | has arriesgado | You have risked |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would risk” or “she would risk”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arriesgaría | I would risk |
| Tú | arriesgarías | You would risk |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arriesgaría | He / she / you would risk |
| Nosotros / as | arriesgaríamos | We would risk |
| Vosotros / as | arriesgaríais | You would risk |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arriesgarían | They / you would risk |
| Vos | arriesgarías | You would risk |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will risk” or “they will risk”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a arriesgar” means “They are going to risk”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arriesgaré | I will risk |
| Tú | arriesgarás | You will risk |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arriesgará | He / she / you will risk |
| Nosotros / as | arriesgaremos | We will risk |
| Vosotros / as | arriesgaréis | You will risk |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arriesgarán | They / you will risk |
| Vos | arriesgarás | You will risk |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | arriesgue |
| Tú | arriesgues |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arriesgue |
| Nosotros / as | arriesguemos |
| Vosotros / as | arriesguéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arriesguen |
| Vos | arriesgues |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | arriesgara | arriesgase |
| Tú | arriesgaras | arriesgase |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arriesgara | arriesgase |
| Nosotros / as | arriesgáramos | arriesgásemos |
| Vosotros / as | arriesgarais | arriesgaseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arriesgaran | arriesgasen |
| Vos | arriesgaras | arriesgase |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | arriesgare |
| Tú | arriesgares |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arriesgare |
| Nosotros / as | arriesgáremos |
| Vosotros / as | arriesgareis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arriesgaren |
| Vos | arriesgares |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “risk!” and “don’t risk!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | arriesga | no arriesgues |
| Él / Ella / Usted | arriesgue | no arriesgue |
| Nosotros / as | arriesguemos | no arriesguemos |
| Vosotros / as | arriesgad | no arriesguéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | arriesguen | no arriesguen |
| Vos | arriesgá | no arriesgues |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya arriesgado |
| Tú | hayas arriesgado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya arriesgado |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos arriesgado |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis arriesgado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan arriesgado |
| Vos | hayas arriesgado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera arriesgado / hubiese arriesgado |
| Tú | hubieras arriesgado / hubieses arriesgado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera arriesgado / hubiese arriesgado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos arriesgado / hubiésemos arriesgado |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais arriesgado / hubieseis arriesgado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran arriesgado / hubiesen arriesgado |
| Vos | hubieras arriesgado / hubieses arriesgado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere arriesgado |
| Tú | hubieres arriesgado |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere arriesgado |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos arriesgado |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis arriesgado |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren arriesgado |
| Vos | hubieres arriesgado |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté arriesgando |
| Tú | estés arriesgando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté arriesgando |
| Nosotros / as | estemos arriesgando |
| Vosotros / as | estéis arriesgando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén arriesgando |
| Vos | estés arriesgando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera arriesgando / estuviese arriesgando |
| Tú | estuvieras arriesgando / estuvieses arriesgando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera arriesgando / estuviese arriesgando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos arriesgando / estuviésamos arriesgando |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais arriesgando / estuvieseis arriesgando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera arriesgando / estuviese arriesgando |
| Vos | estuvieras arriesgando / estuvieses arriesgando |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere arriesgando |
| Tú | estuvieres arriesgando |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere arriesgando |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos arriesgando |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis arriesgando |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere arriesgando |
| Vos | estuvieres arriesgando |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos arriesgás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos arriesgaste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos arriesgabas |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos arriesgarías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos arriesgarás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos arriesgues |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos arriesgaras / Vos arriesgase |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos arriesgá |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no arriesgues |