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Advertir is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to warn, inform, observe”.
Below are all of the conjugations for advertir in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to warn, inform, observe |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | advertir |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está advirtiendo) and past continuous (estaba advirtiendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. warning).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he advertido and hubiera advertido. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have warned).
| Gerundio / Gerund | advirtiendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | advertido |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I warn” or “they warn”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | advierto |
| Tú | adviertes |
| Él / Ella / Usted | advierte |
| Nosotros / as | advertimos |
| Vosotros / as | advertís |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | advierten |
| Vos | te afanás |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I warned” or “she warned” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | advertí | I warned |
| Tú | advertiste | You warned |
| Él / Ella / Usted | advirtió | He / she / you warned |
| Nosotros / as | advertimos | We warned |
| Vosotros / as | advertisteis | You warned |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | advirtieron | They / you warned |
| Vos | advertiste | You warned |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was warning” or “she was warning” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | advertía | I was warning |
| Tú | advertías | You were warning |
| Él / Ella / Usted | advertía | He was / she was / you were warning |
| Nosotros / as | advertíamos | We were warning |
| Vosotros / as | advertíais | You were warning |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | advertían | They / you were warning |
| Vos | advertías | You were warning |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have warned” and “she has warned”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he advertido | I have warned |
| Tú | has advertido | You have warned |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha advertido | He has / she has / you have warned |
| Nosotros / as | hemos advertido | We have warned |
| Vosotros / as | habéis advertido | You have warned |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han advertido | They / you have warned |
| Vos | has advertido | You have warned |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would warn” or “she would warn”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | advertiría | I would warn |
| Tú | advertirías | You would warn |
| Él / Ella / Usted | advertiría | He / she / you would warn |
| Nosotros / as | advertiríamos | We would warn |
| Vosotros / as | advertiríais | You would warn |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | advertirían | They / you would warn |
| Vos | advertirías | You would warn |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will warn” or “they will warn”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a advertir” means “They are going to warn”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | advertiré | I will warn |
| Tú | advertirás | You will warn |
| Él / Ella / Usted | advertirá | He / she / you will warn |
| Nosotros / as | advertiremos | We will warn |
| Vosotros / as | advertiréis | You will warn |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | advertirán | They / you will warn |
| Vos | advertirás | You will warn |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | advierta |
| Tú | adviertas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | advierta |
| Nosotros / as | advirtamos |
| Vosotros / as | advirtáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | adviertan |
| Vos | adviertas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | advirtiera | advirtiese |
| Tú | advirtieras | advirtiese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | advirtiera | advirtiese |
| Nosotros / as | advirtiéramos | advirtiésemos |
| Vosotros / as | advirtierais | advirtieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | advirtieran | advirtiesen |
| Vos | advirtieras | advirtiese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | advirtiere |
| Tú | advirtieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | advirtiera |
| Nosotros / as | advirtiéremos |
| Vosotros / as | advirtiereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | advirtieren |
| Vos | advirtieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “warn!” and “don’t warn!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | advierte | no adviertas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | advierta | no advierta |
| Nosotros / as | advirtamos | no advirtamos |
| Vosotros / as | advertid | no advirtáis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | adviertan | no adviertan |
| Vos | advertí | no adviertas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya advertido |
| Tú | hayas advertido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya advertido |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos advertido |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis advertido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan advertido |
| Vos | hayas advertido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera advertido / hubiese advertido |
| Tú | hubieras advertido / hubieses advertido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera advertido / hubiese advertido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos advertido / hubiésemos advertido |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais advertido / hubieseis advertido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran advertido / hubiesen advertido |
| Vos | hubieras advertido / hubieses advertido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere advertido |
| Tú | hubieres advertido |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere advertido |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos advertido |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis advertido |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren advertido |
| Vos | hubieres advertido |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté advirtiendo |
| Tú | estés advirtiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté advirtiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos advirtiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis advirtiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén advirtiendo |
| Vos | estés advirtiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera advirtiendo / estuviese advirtiendo |
| Tú | estuvieras advirtiendo / estuvieses advirtiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera advirtiendo / estuviese advirtiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos advirtiendo / estuviésamos advirtiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais advirtiendo / estuvieseis advirtiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera advirtiendo / estuviese advirtiendo |
| Vos | estuvieras advirtiendo / estuvieses advirtiendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere advirtiendo |
| Tú | estuvieres advirtiendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere advirtiendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos advirtiendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis advirtiendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere advirtiendo |
| Vos | estuvieres advirtiendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos te afanás |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos advertiste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos advertías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos advertirías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos advertirás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos adviertas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos advirtieras / Vos advirtiese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos advertí |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no adviertas |