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Absolver is a Spanish verb which translates into English as “to absolve, acquit”.
Below are all of the conjugations for absolver in Spanish, in all three moods (indicative/indicativo, subjunctive/subjunctivo and imperative/imperativo) and all of the tenses, for each pronoun.
The vosotros pronoun is mainly used in mainland Spain, and is the informal second-person plural – it could be considered the Spanish version of “y’all”. It is rarely found in Latin America, where ustedes is used instead.
The vos form is used instead of tú in some Spanish speaking countries of South America, especially the Southern Cone (e.g. Argentina and Uruguay) and has a different conjugation.
| English Infinitive | to absolve, acquit |
|---|---|
| Spanish Infinitive | absolver |
The gerund (gerundio) is used with the continuous tenses, e.g. present continuous (está absolviendo) and past continuous (estaba absolviendo). The easiest way to think of it is the equivalent of english’s -ing form (e.g. absolving).
The past participle (participio) is used with perfect tense ‘haber’ verbs, e.g. he absuelto and hubiera absuelto. These are the equivalent of English’s ‘have’ (e.g. have absolved).
| Gerundio / Gerund | absolviendo |
|---|---|
| Participio / Past Participle | absuelto |
The basic form of speech, el indicativo is used for making statements, talking about facts, events and things that are certain and objective.
The present tense is as it sounds – it’s for talking about things that are currently going on, which are habitual, or which generally exist. In English, this would be “I absolve” or “they absolve”.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | absuelvo |
| Tú | absuelves |
| Él / Ella / Usted | absuelve |
| Nosotros / as | absolvemos |
| Vosotros / as | absolvéis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | absuelven |
| Vos | absolvés |
Your simple past tense, e.g. “I absolved” or “she absolved” in English.
In Spanish, there are two past tenses where just one is used in English; the pretérite infefinido is typically used to refer to a concrete, specific moment in time.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | absolví | I absolved |
| Tú | absolviste | You absolved |
| Él / Ella / Usted | absolvió | He / she / you absolved |
| Nosotros / as | absolvimos | We absolved |
| Vosotros / as | absolvisteis | You absolved |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | absolvieron | They / you absolved |
| Vos | absolviste | You absolved |
The pretérito imperfecto roughly translates as “I was absolving” or “she was absolving” in English, and is typically used to describe things and set a scene, talk about events without a specific timeframe, or talk about habitual events or states in the past.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | absolvía | I was absolving |
| Tú | absolvías | You were absolving |
| Él / Ella / Usted | absolvía | He was / she was / you were absolving |
| Nosotros / as | absolvíamos | We were absolving |
| Vosotros / as | absolvíais | You were absolving |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | absolvían | They / you were absolving |
| Vos | absolvías | You were absolving |
The perfect tense is for talking about things which happened in the past but are still related to the present or continue into the present.
In English, these use the auxiliary verbs ‘have’ and ‘has’ – i.e. “I have absolved” and “she has absolved”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | he absuelto | I have absolved |
| Tú | has absuelto | You have absolved |
| Él / Ella / Usted | ha absuelto | He has / she has / you have absolved |
| Nosotros / as | hemos absuelto | We have absolved |
| Vosotros / as | habéis absuelto | You have absolved |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | han absuelto | They / you have absolved |
| Vos | has absuelto | You have absolved |
The conditional is used in place of the English modal verb “would”, i.e. “I would absolve” or “she would absolve”. It can be used to talk about hypothetical situations.
| Pronoun | Spanish | Englush |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | absolvería | I would absolve |
| Tú | absolverías | You would absolve |
| Él / Ella / Usted | absolvería | He / she / you would absolve |
| Nosotros / as | absolveríamos | We would absolve |
| Vosotros / as | absolveríais | You would absolve |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | absolverían | They / you would absolve |
| Vos | absolverías | You would absolve |
The future tense, simply put, replaces the English modal verb “will” – i.e. “I will absolve” or “they will absolve”.
It is more commonly used for making a hypothesis about the present. To talk about the future, Spanish speakers frequently use “ir + a + infinivo”, e.g. “van a absolver” means “They are going to absolve”.
| Pronoun | Spanish | English |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | absolveré | I will absolve |
| Tú | absolverás | You will absolve |
| Él / Ella / Usted | absolverá | He / she / you will absolve |
| Nosotros / as | absolveremos | We will absolve |
| Vosotros / as | absolveréis | You will absolve |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | absolverán | They / you will absolve |
| Vos | absolverás | You will absolve |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | absuelva |
| Tú | absuelvas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | absuelva |
| Nosotros / as | absolvamos |
| Vosotros / as | absolváis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | absuelvan |
| Vos | absuelvas |
There are two ways to form the imperfect subjunctive.
The first option sees verbs ending in -era (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ara (for -ar verbs), while the second sees verbs ending in -ese (for -er and -ir verbs) and -ase (for -ar verbs).
There is no difference between these two forms, and Spanish speakers use them interchangeably.
| Pronoun | Spanish era/ara | Spanish ese/ase |
|---|---|---|
| Yo | absolviera | absolviese |
| Tú | absolvieras | absolviese |
| Él / Ella / Usted | absolviera | absolviese |
| Nosotros / as | absolviéramos | absolviésemos |
| Vosotros / as | absolvierais | absolvieseis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | absolvieran | absolviesen |
| Vos | absolvieras | absolviese |
The future subjunctive is no longer used in modern-day Spanish, apart from in literary and legal contexts, and there is no need to learn it.
It is formed the same as the past/imperfect subjunctive, but with -e endings instead of -a endings.
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | absolviere |
| Tú | absolvieres |
| Él / Ella / Usted | absolviere |
| Nosotros / as | absolviéremos |
| Vosotros / as | absolviereis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | absolvieren |
| Vos | absolvieres |
Used for forming positive and negative commands, e.g. “absolve!” and “don’t absolve!”.
| Pronoun | Spanish Affirmative | Spanish Negative |
|---|---|---|
| Tú | absuelve | no absuelvas |
| Él / Ella / Usted | absuelva | no absuelva |
| Nosotros / as | absolvamos | no absolvamos |
| Vosotros / as | absolved | no absolváis |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | absuelvan | no absuelvan |
| Vos | absolvé | no absuelvas |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | haya absuelto |
| Tú | hayas absuelto |
| Él / Ella / Usted | haya absuelto |
| Nosotros / as | hayamos absuelto |
| Vosotros / as | hayáis absuelto |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hayan absuelto |
| Vos | hayas absuelto |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiera absuelto / hubiese absuelto |
| Tú | hubieras absuelto / hubieses absuelto |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiera absuelto / hubiese absuelto |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéramos absuelto / hubiésemos absuelto |
| Vosotros / as | hubierais absuelto / hubieseis absuelto |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieran absuelto / hubiesen absuelto |
| Vos | hubieras absuelto / hubieses absuelto |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | hubiere absuelto |
| Tú | hubieres absuelto |
| Él / Ella / Usted | hubiere absuelto |
| Nosotros / as | hubiéremos absuelto |
| Vosotros / as | hubiereis absuelto |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | hubieren absuelto |
| Vos | hubieres absuelto |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | esté absolviendo |
| Tú | estés absolviendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | esté absolviendo |
| Nosotros / as | estemos absolviendo |
| Vosotros / as | estéis absolviendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estén absolviendo |
| Vos | estés absolviendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviera absolviendo / estuviese absolviendo |
| Tú | estuvieras absolviendo / estuvieses absolviendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviera absolviendo / estuviese absolviendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéramos absolviendo / estuviésamos absolviendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuvierais absolviendo / estuvieseis absolviendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviera absolviendo / estuviese absolviendo |
| Vos | estuvieras absolviendo / estuvieses absolviendo |
| Pronoun | Spanish |
|---|---|
| Yo | estuviere absolviendo |
| Tú | estuvieres absolviendo |
| Él / Ella / Usted | estuviere absolviendo |
| Nosotros / as | estuviéremos absolviendo |
| Vosotros / as | estuviereis absolviendo |
| Ellos / Ellas / Ustedes | estuviere absolviendo |
| Vos | estuvieres absolviendo |
Voseo is the practice of using ‘vos’ instead of ‘tú’ as the second-person singular pronoun, and is common throughout much of South America.
There are various versions of ‘voseo’ used throughout the Spanish-speaking world. The conjugations for the most common type – used throughout Argentina, parts of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguya and Uruguay are below.
The present indicative (presente de indicativo) and affirmative imperative (imperativo) have different conjugations from the tú form, while all other tenses generally use the tú form.
| Tense | Vos Conjugation |
|---|---|
| Present Indicative Presente de Indicativo | Vos absolvés |
| Simle Past / Preterite Preterite de Indicativo | Vos absolviste |
| Imperfect Past Preterite Imperfecto de Indicativo | Vos absolvías |
| Conditional Condicional | Vos absolverías |
| Future Futuro de Indicativo | Vos absolverás |
| Present Subjunctive Presente de Subjunctivo | Vos absuelvas |
| Imperfect Subjunctive Imperfecto de Subjunctivo | Vos absolvieras / Vos absolviese |
| Affirmative Imperative Imperativo | Vos absolvé |
| Negative Imperative Imperativo Negativo | Vos no absuelvas |